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# Quantization Error 10 Bit

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Figure 9: SNR-- A measure of the signal compared to the noise floor SNR(dB)=6.02N+1.76 (4) Where N is the ADC resolution (Equation 4) Quantization noise can only be reduced by making In general, both ADC processes lose some information. Please try the request again. This reduces problems with electrical noise, but also tends to reduce the number of inputs by half. http://caribtechsxm.com/quantization-error/quantization-error-and-quantization-step-size.php

For a given supported number of possible output values, reducing the average granular distortion may involve increasing the average overload distortion, and vice versa. You can calculate the SiNAD ratio using Equation 6. (Equation 6) Spurious-free dynamic range Finally, spurious-free dynamic range (SFDR) is the difference between the magnitude of the measured signal and its Dynamic performance An ADC's dynamic performance is specified using parameters obtained via frequency-domain analysis and is typically measured by performing a fast Fourier transform (FFT) on the output codes of the Table 1: Example: Silicon Labs C8051F060 16-bit ADC electrical characteristics Parameter Conditions MIN TYP MAX UNITS DC accuracy Resolution bits Integral nonlinearity() http://www.eceway.com/2013/10/10-bit-ad-converters-quantization-error.html

## 10 Bit A/d Converters The Quantization Error Is Given By (in Percent)

more stack exchange communities company blog Stack Exchange Inbox Reputation and Badges sign up log in tour help Tour Start here for a quick overview of the site Help Center Detailed For the example uniform quantizer described above, the forward quantization stage can be expressed as k = ⌊ x Δ + 1 2 ⌋ {\displaystyle k=\left\lfloor {\frac {x}{\Delta }}+{\frac {1}{2}}\right\rfloor } The analysis of quantization involves studying the amount of data (typically measured in digits or bits or bit rate) that is used to represent the output of the quantizer, and studying

1. An analog-to-digital converter is an example of a quantizer.
2. Adding one bit to the quantizer halves the value of Δ, which reduces the noise power by the factor ¼.
3. p.60. ^ Okelloto, Tom (2001).

IT-28, No. 2, pp. 149–157, Mar. 1982. Quantization noise model Quantization noise for a 2-bit ADC operating at infinite sample rate. If the A/D converter is 8 bit then the result can read up to 256 different voltage levels. How To Reduce Quantization Error This is a different manifestation of "quantization error," in which theoretical models may be analog but physically occurs digitally.

How should I prepare myself for a more supervisory role? Quantization Error Example The error introduced by this clipping is referred to as overload distortion. Figure 4: Quantization error vs. navigate here Also, note that the ADC reaches its full-scale output code (111) at 7/8 of full scale, not at the full-scale value.

Jay (1967), Modern Communication Principles, McGraw–Hill, ISBN978-0-07-061003-3 External links Quantization noise in Digital Computation, Signal Processing, and Control, Bernard Widrow and István Kollár, 2007. Quantization Error Percentage In this way, the magnitude of quantization error is intended to be < 1/2 LSB, as Figure 4 illustrates. For example, quantization error will appear as the noise floor in an FFT plot of a measured signal input to an ADC, which I'll discuss later in the dynamic performance section). Offset error, full-scale error The ideal transfer function line will intersect the origin of the plot.

## Quantization Error Example

Figure 21.5 Sample Calculation of A/D Values If the voltage being sampled is changing too fast we may get false readings, as shown in Figure 21.6 Low Sampling Frequencies Cause Aliasing. http://dsp.stackexchange.com/questions/15925/what-is-maximum-quantization-error These are often specified when purchasing hardware, but reasonable ranges are; 0V to 5V 0V to 10V -5V to 5V -10V to 10V The number of bits of the A/D converter 10 Bit A/d Converters The Quantization Error Is Given By (in Percent) A technique for controlling the amplitude of the signal (or, equivalently, the quantization step size Δ {\displaystyle \Delta } ) to achieve the appropriate balance is the use of automatic gain Quantization Error In Pcm Browse other questions tagged adc quantization or ask your own question.

Register Remember Me? click site Reconstruction: Each interval I k {\displaystyle I_{k}} is represented by a reconstruction value y k {\displaystyle y_{k}} which implements the mapping x ∈ I k ⇒ y = y k {\displaystyle When we convert this back to a voltage the result is 4.565V. IT-18, No. 6, pp. 759–765, Nov. 1972. Quantization Error In A/d Converter

Thank you. + Post New Thread Please login « What are the functions of a carrier? | Basic Charts for series AC circuits » Similar Threads [Methodology] - How to solve An ADC can be modeled as two processes: sampling and quantization. of position : One Salary: Rs. 20,000/- per month (inclusive of all) Age ... news Offset and full-scale errors can be reduced by calibration at the expense of dynamic range and the cost of the calibration process itself.

Finally, equation 4 allows a conversion between the integer value from the A/D converter, and a voltage in the computer. Quantization Error Ppt IT-14, No. 5, pp. 676–683, Sept. 1968. Or say a 10 bit ADC with a max of 5V: 5/1024 = 0.0048828125V (or 4.88mV) ?

## Most A/D converters have 12 bits, 16 bit converters are used for precision measurements.

Lloyd, "Least Squares Quantization in PCM", IEEE Transactions on Information Theory, Vol. Gain temperature coefficient TBD ppm/ C Dynamic performance Conditions MIN TYP MAX UNITS Signal-to-noise plus distortion Fin = 10kHz, single-endedFin = 10kHz, differential 8689 dBdB Total One way to do this is to associate each quantization index k {\displaystyle k} with a binary codeword c k {\displaystyle c_{k}} . Quantization Error In Dsp Analog-to-digital converter (ADC) Outside the realm of signal processing, this category may simply be called rounding or scalar quantization.

For example, if a data sheet specifies 2 LSB INL in the "Typical" column, there's no implied guarantee that the engineer won't find the ADC with higher INL error. The maximum quantization error is simply $max(\left | q \right |)$, the absolute maximum of this error function. In a normal A/D converter the minimum range value, Rmin, is zero, however some devices will provide 2's compliment negative numbers for negative voltages. More about the author I looked around on different sites from a recommendation from another user and came to the conclusion it is the max voltage divided by the number of bits.

Quantization error models In the typical case, the original signal is much larger than one least significant bit (LSB). The most common test signals that fulfill this are full amplitude triangle waves and sawtooth waves. The application of such compressors and expanders is also known as companding. Each bit halves the quantization error.

If it is assumed that distortion is measured by mean squared error, the distortion D, is given by: D = E [ ( x − Q ( x ) ) 2 Shielded data cables are commonly used to reduce the noise levels. • Delay - When the sample is requested, a short period of time passes before the final sample value is A/D converters can only acquire a limited number of samples per second. For example, a 16-bit ADC has a maximum signal-to-noise ratio of 6.02 × 16 = 96.3dB.

The maximum value of error in the measured signal is emax = (1/2)(Vfs / 2n) or emax = q/2 since q = Vfs / 2n The RMS value of quantization error Understanding Records, p.56. A device or algorithmic function that performs quantization is called a quantizer. In this second setting, the amount of introduced distortion may be managed carefully by sophisticated techniques, and introducing some significant amount of distortion may be unavoidable.

The output code will be its lowest (000) at less than 1/8 of the full-scale (the size of this ADC's code width).